A Mysterious Discovery in Pakistan

In October 2000, Pakistani authorities uncovered a mysterious mummy wrapped in Egyptian-style bandages, adorned with a cuneiform-inscribed gold plaque identifying it as a 2,600-year-old Persian princess. Allegedly the daughter of King Xerxes, the mummy was discovered in Quetta during a murder investigation, where it was being sold on the black market for a staggering $11 million. The discovery ignited an international dispute, with Iran and Afghanistan both laying claim to the artifact.

Archaeological Examination and Controversy

The mummy was transferred to Karachi’s National Museum, where archaeologists analyzed its inscriptions and structure. The wooden coffin bore carvings of the Zoroastrian deity Ahura Mazda, while the body lay atop a mat coated with wax and honey—an unusual mix of Egyptian and Persian funerary elements. Initial theories suggested it belonged to a Persian princess, possibly an Egyptian bride of a Persian prince during the reign of Cyrus I.

The claim quickly sparked tensions. Iran sought legal action through UNESCO for its return, while Pakistan insisted the mummy had been found within its borders, making it state property. Meanwhile, Afghanistan’s Taliban government also expressed interest in the artifact, deepening the geopolitical dispute.

The Shocking Truth Unveiled

Amid the chaos, skepticism grew within the archaeological community. Oscar White Muscarella of the Metropolitan Museum of Art recognized the mummy from pH๏τographs he had received months earlier from a dealer in Pakistan. A cuneiform expert found the inscription to be inconsistent with Old Persian and even contained pᴀssages copied from Darius the Great’s Behistun inscription—dated much later than the mummy’s supposed era.

To further investigate, a sample of the wooden coffin underwent carbon dating, revealing it to be only 250 years old. The evidence was undeniable—the so-called Persian princess was a modern forgery.

A Fraud Exposed and Its Implications

The fraudulent mummy was likely an actual ancient Egyptian body, modified with forged Persian elements to increase its value on the black market. This revelation not only exposed the criminal network behind illicit antiquities but also highlighted the emotional and political power of historical artifacts. The case was handed over to Interpol, leaving a stark reminder of how deception can infiltrate even the most esteemed realms of archaeology.

Though the Persian princess was a fabrication, the saga remains one of the most dramatic examples of archaeological fraud, proving that history, when manipulated, can become a dangerous tool of deception and controversy.