The extraordinary golden bust of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, unearthed in Avenches, Switzerland, is making a historic appearance in the United States at the Getty Museum. As the largest known imperial bust crafted from precious metal, this artifact stands out as one of the most remarkable surviving treasures from the Roman Empire.
A Rare Masterpiece
Material and Craftsmanship: The bust, crafted from a single sheet of gold using the repoussé technique, is a testament to the exceptional skill of Roman goldsmiths. Weighing 3.5 pounds, it represents the value of 220 gold aurei from Marcus Aurelius’ era (161–180 AD).
Artistic Details: The bust captures Marcus Aurelius with lifelike detail: his thick, curly hair, neatly trimmed beard, and piercing gaze are complemented by a lorica plumata (feathered cuirᴀss) adorned with a gorgoneion (Gorgon head) at its center.
A History of Discovery
Excavation Site: The bust was discovered in 1939 beneath the courtyard of a temple complex in Aventicum, the ancient Roman capital of the Helvetii people. Historical Context: Aventicum, incorporated into the Roman Empire in 15 B.C. under Augustus, underwent significant urban development during Emperor Vespasian’s reign. The temple complex, inspired by Rome’s Templum Pacis, honored local Helvetii gods and the imperial cult. Unusual Placement: The bust was found in a sewer crossing, likely hidden to protect it during a period of unrest or temple destruction.
An Unparalleled Treasure
Cultural Significance: Gold busts of Roman emperors are incredibly rare. Most were melted down, making this piece one of only a handful to survive antiquity. Preservation: Due to its immense value, the bust is usually kept in a secure bank vault, with the Roman Museum of Avenches displaying a replica.
