The Maya, the Cossacks, the Hitтιтes… are peoples and empires that were once very developed, but they mysteriously disappeared as if they had never existed. Until now, scientists have not been able to determine the origin of these peoples as well as the mysterious mysteries surrounding them.

1. The Maya

The Maya created a unique ancient civilization. They not only achieved a high level of state building but also developed other fields such as architecture, astronomy, mathematics, and time calculation. They had their own calendar system, used hieroglyphs in their writing system, used the binary number system, and developed the concept of “zero” 900 years earlier. However, the mysterious appearance and disappearance of the Maya is still a difficult puzzle for scientists.

2. Cossacks

The word Cossacks in Turkish is Qazaq (English is Cossack) which means Adventurer or Free People. The origin of this people is also a mystery. According to experts their homeland could be in the North Caucasus or at the Sea of ​​Azov or in the west of Turkestan … their genealogy could be related to the Scythians, the Alans, the Circᴀssians, the Khazars, the Goths, who came from Brodnici.

The Cossacks were very well developed militarily. They had a very famous cavalry and were even considered the best cavalry of all time.

3. Hitтιтe people

The Hitтιтe state was a powerful, disciplined state with advanced technology far beyond the empires of its time. It was the first country to have a consтιтution , to honor the double-headed eagle, and to pioneer the use of iron, iron weapons having been invented by them since the 14th century BC.

But why did they disappear without a trace? German scientist Johann Lehmann believes that this people went north and ᴀssimilated with Germanic tribes.

4. Sumerian people

This is the most mysterious people in the ancient world. Until now we know nothing about the origin of the people as well as the origin of their language.

By 3100 BC, the population of Sumer had grown to the point where it was equal to the number of people living in cities, even growing beyond the point of being a civilization. They had achieved a very high level of astronomy and mathematics. The Sumerians were able to measure the distances between stars very accurately. Even today, we use the same system of mathematics, calendars, and time as they did.

5. Etruscan people

Archaeologists have discovered that this people lived in the northwest of the Apennine Peninsula and created a fairly developed civilization there. They founded the first cities of Italy and Roman numerals were probably their invention . They were mainly farmers and merchants who traded back and forth between Greece and Carthage.

6. Basque people

The origin and language of the Basque people is a mystery of modern history. The Basque language, Euskara, is believed to be a pre-Indo-European relic language that does not belong to any language group that exists today.

According to a 2012 study by National Geographic, the Basques have a genetic makeup that is quite different from other peoples around them.

7. Kalash people

The origin of the Kalash people has always been a mystery to archaeologists. This is an ethnic minority living in the north of Pakistan, in the Hindu Kush mountains. According to research, this may be an Asian people but with European beauty . Their DNA is not similar to that of Europeans, but their appearance is indeed difficult to distinguish from Europeans.

According to legend, they are descendants of Alexander the Great’s army. This army pᴀssed through Pakistan, lived with the local women, and left descendants who looked exactly like modern Europeans. However, they did not have the warlike character of their ancestors, but were simple, life-loving, peace-loving, and optimistic people.

8. Philistine people

This is the most mysterious people in the Bible. The Philistines used iron and together with the Hitтιтes marked the beginning of the Iron Age. According to the Bible, the Philistines originated from the island of Caphtor (Crete). However, their disappearance is unknown, most likely they were ᴀssimilated with the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean.

9. Yam Empire

Archaeologists know for certain that the Kingdom of Yam existed as a trading partner and rival to ancient Egypt, but its exact location remains a mystery as difficult to solve as Atlantis.

Scientists have discovered hieroglyphs in an area more than 700km southwest of the Nile, confirming the existence of trade between Yam and Egypt. At the same time, they also tell us the exact location of Yam in the northern highlands of modern-day Chad, about 1,500km from Egypt. But how the Egyptians were able to cross more than a thousand kilometres of desert in an era without wheels and only donkeys to carry their goods remains a mystery.