Atlit-Yam: A submerged Neolithic settlement

Off the coast of the village of Atlit lies Atlit Yam, a submerged Neolithic settlement located off the Atlit coast in present-day Israel.

Atlit-Yam: A submerged Neolithic settlement 1
Atlit-Yam, underwater ritual structure made of stones. © Image Credit : Hanay – CC BY-SA 3.0

The site, which dates between 6900 and 6300 BC, is approximately 10 meters below current sea level and covers an area of 40,000 square meters.

Tectonic tilting and climatic changes caused swamps along the Israeli coastal plain to dry up at the start of the Holocene. The reclaimed land along the retreating shoreline was settled by Neolithic peoples during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNB) and later Pottery Neolithic Periods, until a eustatic rise in ocean sea levels submerged the ancient settlements to a depth of 8-12 meters beneath the surface.

Atlit-Yam: A submerged Neolithic settlement 2
For centuries, the site remained hidden 10 meters below the waves and was discovered after a severe storm in 1984. Scientists found special stones that were used for religious ceremonies. © Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Atlit Yam was settled around 6900 BC, with the inhabitants surviving on agro-pastoral-marine subsistence.

Atlit-Yam: A submerged Neolithic settlement 3
In one ᴀssemblage alone, over 8755 flint artefacts have been recovered, whilst across the site numerous arrowheads, sickle blades, bifaces, spearheads, and bifacially flaked knives has been excavated. © Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons
Atlit-Yam: A submerged Neolithic settlement 4
The villagers dug a deep well to depths of 10.5 meters through layers of clay and soft sandstone, that was lined with stone courses and capped with a tumulus-like circular construction. Within the build-up of marine sediment inside the well, underwater archaeologists found hundreds of thermally fractured limestone pebbles, animal bones, stone tools, waterlogged and carbonised plant remains, and several fragments of human bone. © Image Credit: Public Domain

Scientists believe that Atlit-Yam was abandoned abruptly as a result of a tsunami that hit the region, most likely caused by a volcanic eruption in the Mediterranean area.

Atlit-Yam: A submerged Neolithic settlement 5
Human skeleton in flexed position, discovered at Atlit-Yam. Close to or within the ritual structures, 15 human skeletons have been discovered, mostly in single graves either relatively intact, or only a few bone fragments, all of which show varying degrees of hypoplasia. © Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Archaeologists were particularly interested in the discovery of two skeletons, one of a woman and one of a child, which revealed the earliest known cases of tuberculosis.

Related Posts

AN IRON KNIFE EMBEDDED IN AN ANIMAL VERTEBRA: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN–WILDLIFE INTERACTION IN THE LATE PREHISTORIC TO PROTOHISTORIC PERIOD

The artifact is dated to approximately 800–1,200 years ago, corresponding to the transitional period between late prehistory and early protohistory in northern regions such as Alberta, Canada….

A FOSSILIZED PREHISTORIC EQUINE-LIKE FORM IN MUD PRESERVATION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF A UNIQUE DISCOVERY IN THE ARCTIC PERMAFROST

The estimated age of this specimen ranges between 28,000 and 30,000 years, corresponding to the late Pleistocene, a period when the thick layers of Arctic ice and…

Early 20th-Century Archaeologists and the Ritual Stone Monument

The engraved monolith depicting a multi-armed anthropomorphic figure and surrounding symbols, shown in the vintage pH๏τograph, is believed to date from the early 20th-century era of European…

THE “STONE HAND” ON THE MOUNTAIN SLOPE: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL HYPOTHESIS OF A UNIQUE ARTIFACT

The stone formation resembling a “giant hand” on the mountainside was first documented between 2021 and 2022 by a local survey team conducting stratigraphic measurements in a…

THE GRANITE HÓRREO OF GALICIA: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

The stone structure depicted in the image is an exceptional example of a Galician hórreo, a raised granary commonly found in northwestern Spain, particularly the autonomous region…

Uncovering a Grim Chapter at Jamestown: Evidence of Cannibalism Among the First English Settlers

In the heart of what would become the United States, the story of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, has long been etched into history. Founded in…