In a crate, there were discovered the enigmatic remains of a family from the 18th century.

Scientists have traced multiple tuberculosis strains back to a single late Roman ancestor. The findings support current scientific estimates that indicate tuberculosis (TB) emerged only 6,000 years ago. Previous theories suggested that the ancestral microbe was much more ancient, perhaps 70,000 years old. The paper has been published in the journal Nature Communications.

Samples were taken from 26 of the 265 naturally mummified bodies found in an 18th century Hungarian crypt located in a Dominican church in Vác, Hungary. The burial chamber was bricked up more than 150 years ago and forgotten about until it was rediscovered in 1994.

At the time of discovery, the crypt harbored hundreds of hand-painted coffins that contained finely dressed denizens of Vác. The dry air and coffin wood chips (to absorb bodily fluids) may have aided the mummification process and prevented the clothes from fully rotting. The mummies now reside at the Hungarian Natural History Museum.

18th c. Hungarian mummies help TB research – The History Blog

To determine the source of the infectious disease, a team of researchers isolated the bacterial DNA of several TB strains that infected eight of the 26 mummified bodies they studied. They found 14 different tuberculosis genomes. Surprisingly, the researchers discovered that many of the bodies harbored more than one TB strain, suggesting mixed strains were common during the peak of the epidemic in Europe.

“Microbiological analysis of samples from contemporary TB patients usually report a single strain of tuberculosis per patient,” said geneticist Mark Pallen of the University of Warwick. “By contrast, five of the eight bodies in our study yielded more than one type of tuberculosis—remarkably, from one individual, we obtained evidence of three distinct strains.”

All of those samples belonged to M. tuberculosis Lineage 4, a notorious TB strain that accounts for over a million cases a year. Historically, tuberculosis has ravaged Europe since prehistoric times, killing nearly one in seven people during the early 19th century.

Box mummies: The remains of an 18th century family

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which cause TB / NIAID. Right: Dominican church that housed the Vác mummies / András Tumbász

Presently, there are still millions of cases of TB, with more than 1 million deaths in 2013, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The scientists say their research is significant for tracing the evolutionary history of TB as well as combating the disease in modern times.

“By showing that historical strains can be accurately mapped to contemporary lineages,” said Pallen, “we have ruled out, for early modern Europe, the kind of scenario recently proposed for the Americas, that is, wholesale replacement of one major lineage by another.”

Related Posts

The Inlaid Eye of the Seated Scribe: A Marvel of Ancient Egyptian Craftsmanship

The Seated Scribe, an iconic piece of ancient Egyptian art dating back to the Old Kingdom (circa 2600-2350 BCE), stands as one of the finest examples of…

The Lion Fortress: A Kingdom Carved from Fear and Dream

In the heart of Sri Lanka, a stone giant rises from the encircling jungle. This is Sigiriya, the Lion Rock, a colossal volcanic plug that bears the…

The Stone Sentinel: A Dream of the Desert

In the painted badlands of southern Utah, where the earth is a furnace and the sky a vast, unbroken blue, a silent army of stone stands in…

The Balancing Giant: A Sentinel of Ice and Time

In the vast, untamed silence of Baffin Island, where the sky meets the earth in a stark and endless horizon, a stone giant keeps its watch. This…

The Chand Baori Stepwell – India’s Geometric Gateway to the Underworld

Deep in the arid heartland of Rajasthan, in the village of Abhaneri near Jaipur, lies one of the most extraordinary architectural and engineering marvels of ancient India…

The Mirror Cavern: A Geology of Dreams

In the profound silence of the underworld, where time is measured not in seasons but in millennia, lies a chamber that defies simple description. This is the…