The world’s oldest surviving toy, dating back to the Chalcolithic Period (5500–3000 BC), is a fascinating glimpse into the lives and creativity of ancient societies. This extraordinary artifact is housed in the Mardin Museum in Türkiye, a region rich in history and culture, located in the heart of Mesopotamia; a cradle of civilization. The toy, believed to have been created thousands of years ago, is a simple yet ingenious representation of the human desire to craft and engage in play.

Today parents buy their children electric car toys to play with, but thousands of years ago the situation was somewhat different.

Yet, this ancient discovery reveals our ancestors were aware of the wheel 7500 years ago!

A stone car with two axles and 4 wheels dating from about 7500 years ago was found during excavations in the Kiziltepe district of the southeastern province of Mardin, are now on display at the Mardin Museum, Turkey.

World's earliest car Kiziltepe Turkey
The world’s earliest toy car (L) and тιтle deed, unearthed at excavation sites in Mardin’s Kiziltepe district, are on display at the Mardin Museum. (PH๏τo: Cihan)

Archaeologist Mesut Alp said that the toy car, which is made out of stone, dates back to the late Stone Age and is thought to be 7,500 years old.

According to the Culture and Tourism Director of Mardin, Davut Beliktay, the car is like a copy of cars today. He also points out that the shape of this ancient toy resembles a tractor.

Beliktay also revealed that toy dolls and whistles, also made of stone, were found at sites in the area, “we believe that the whistles and dolls are 5,000 to 6,000 years old. The whistles are still in working condition,” he said.

Kiziltepe toy car 7500-year-old
Is this little ancient toy the earliest evidence of the wheel?

In display was also an ancient stone tablet inscribed with writing.

Following exhaustive historical analysis, the writing on the 5 centimeter stone, which was uncovered at an excavation site at the Girnavas Mound, 4 km from the historic district of Nusaybin -was deemed to be the content of an ancient тιтle deed.

7500-year-old toy car turkey

Beliktay said that the writing on the historic tablet had managed to remain intact over the years because of excellent preservation techniques. The script, he explained, had been scraped on to the clayish surface with a nail and then the tablet had been placed in a burner.

Toy car artifact Kiziltepe Turkey
Its shape resembles a tractor, archaeologists say.

Archaeologist Alp explained that the тιтle deed is 2,800 years old and pertains to the selling of a garden.

The content of the deed he added refers to a fruit garden, and the fruit trees within, which are to be split between the three sons of the owner. The deed refers to “Nabulu” which Alp explained was in fact the old name of current Nusaybin. Beliktay has confirmed that comprehensive information on the two finds will be provided soon.

Still, the most fascinating item is the ancient car toy. Some have suggested it is not a car, but rather a chariot. However, chariots usually have only two wheels and pulled by an animal.

Ancient wheels Altyn Depe, Turkmenistan
It would appear that the earliest variant of wagon models is represented by a combination of wheels and the draught animal. Altyn Depe, Turkmenistan – http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/

Evidence of ancient knowledge of wheel can be found in other time periods.

Rock engravings, the handful of wagon models and the wagon depictions incised onto clay vessels are no longer our only proof for the use of wagons. The archaeological record has been enriched by new categories of evidence.

Knowledge of wheel Ukraine 3950 and 3650 BC
Left figure: Very little is known about this intriguing model save for the fact that it was found somewhere in the Ukraine and that it can probably be dated to the period between 3950 and 3650 BC (CUCUTENI TRYPILLIA, Cat. no. U-102, 263). Right: figure: A two-wheeled cart made around the turn of the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC from Pakistan.

The first comprehensive overview of Copper Age wheel models was written by Marin Dinu in his study “Clay Models of Wheels Discovered in Copper Age Cultures of Old Europe Mid-Fifth Millenium B.C.” Dinu pointed out that the use of wheeled vehicles could thus be dated much earlier than previously ᴀssumed.

Yet, archaeological record provides undisputable evidence that wheels were known across the greater part of Europe and Anatolia from the earlier 4th millennium BC onward.

However, nothing as astonishing as the ancient toy car kept at the Mardin Museum has ever been found.

So the question remains: Is this little ancient toy car perhaps the earliest evidence of the wheel?

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