LAKE SUPERIOR, MI – It was 48 years ago today that the Edmund Fitzgerald was being loaded with 26,000 tons of iron ore, prepped for what would become her doomed final voyage.
Once the largest ship on the Great Lakes, the 728-foot Fitzgerald left Superior, Wisconsin at 2:15 p.m. on Nov. 9, 1975. Her crew planned to cross Lake Superior to deliver the load at Detroit’s Zug Island.
But a day later, she was gone, broken in two and laying on the lake’s bottom in 530 feet of water, all 29 souls aboard lost.
Gordon Lightfoot’s poignant song “The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald” helps keep alive the memory of what’s become the Great Lakes’ most famous shipwreck.
But her captain and crew were also sons, brothers, husbands and fathers. They hailed from Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, Minnesota and beyond.
As we remember them, here are the highlights of the Fitzgerald’s final trip and the fierce, hurricane-like storm that sank it.
Investigators would later say that in the big freighter’s last hour, it battled sustained winds of 60 mph, and waves higher than 25 feet. It may have even encountered “The Three Sisters” – a trio of rapidly-hitting waves that are higher than the others around them.
One thing the marine experts agree on: The Fitzgerald was in the “worst possible place” as it tried to make for the shelter of Michigan’s Whitefish Bay.
RELATED: Edmund Fitzgerald: See pH๏τos of the Great Lakes’ most famous ship
FILE- A 1959 file pH๏τo shows the Great Lakes freighter Edmund Fitzgerald, which disappeared Nov. 10, 1975, in a storm on Lake Superior. The Great Lakes have claimed some 6,000 ships since European explorers began navigating the waters in the 1600s, but few have captured the publics imagination as has the Edmund Fitzgerald. (AP PH๏τo, File)AP
NOV. 9, 1975
2:15 p.m. The Edmund Fitzgerald, captained by Ernest McSorley, finishes loading 26,116 tons of taconite in Superior, Wis., and departs for Detroit’s Zug Island. The storm that would sink the ship is gathering force over Kansas and is on a path toward Lake Superior.
5 p.m. The Fitzgerald encounters the Arthur M. Anderson, captained by Jesse Cooper, and the two ships proceed east on similar courses, separated by about 10 to 20 miles. Three hours later, the National Weather Service issues a Gale Warning for all of Lake Superior.
RELATED: Edmund Fitzgerald has become тιтanic of the Great Lakes, maritime historian says
The 729-foot freighter SS Edmund Fitzgerald sails through Detroit River, Detroit, Mich., in this undated pH๏τo. The ship is known for its ore cargo record for the Great Lakes, carrying 30,000 tons of taconite pellets in 1968. (AP PH๏τo/Burt Emanulle)ᴀssOCIATED PRESS
NOV. 10, 1975
1 a.m. The Fitzgerald pᴀsses approximately 20 miles due south of Michigan’s Isle Royale.
2 a.m. The Fitzgerald and Anderson agree to take a northern route across the lake for protection from the gale. NWS upgrades the forecast to a Storm Warning, predicting northeast winds of 35 to 50 knots and waves of 8 to 15 feet.
7 a.m. The Fitzgerald calls its company office to report a delayed arrival due to worsening weather conditions. The ship is approximately 35 miles north of Copper Harbor.
1 p.m. The Fitzgerald is 11 miles NW of Michipicoten Island. The Anderson is approximately 20 miles northwest of the island, reporting 20-knot winds and 12-foot waves.
1:40 p.m. The Fitzgerald radios the Anderson to talk weather and course changes. Capt. McSorley reports his ship is “rolling some.” The Fitzgerald cuts closer to Michipicoten Island while the Anderson cuts west a bit to take rising seas from astern.
2:45 p.m. The Anderson changes course to avoid Six Fathom Shoal area north of Caribou Island. The Fitzgerald is about 16 miles ahead. Heavy snow begins to fall and the Fitzgerald is lost from sight. It’s the last time the ship would be seen by human eyes.
3:20 p.m. The Anderson records 43-knot winds and 12 to 16-foot waves.
3:30 p.m. The Fitzgerald calls the Anderson to report damage and say the ship would slow to let the Anderson catch up. Minutes later, the Coast Guard issues directions for all ships to find safe anchorage because the Soo Locks have been closed.
McSorley: “Anderson, this is the Fitzgerald. I have sustained some topside damage. I have a fence rail laid down, two vents lost or damaged, and a list. I’m checking down. Will you stay by me til I get to Whitefish?”
Cooper: “Charlie on that Fitzgerald. Do you have your pumps going?”
McSorley: “Yes, both of them.”
4:10 p.m. The Fitzgerald radios the Anderson to request navigational help.
4:30 p.m. The Fitzgerald pᴀsses 3 to 5 miles east of Caribou Island. Many theorize the ship unknowingly struck the poorly marked 6 Fathom Shoal on the island’s north side, but that has never been conclusively proven. The debate rages to this day.
4:39 p.m. NWS revises the forecast again, predicting northwest winds 38 to 52 knots with gusts to 60 knots and waves 8 to 16 feet.
5:30 p.m. The Fitzgerald is advised by the Swedish ship Avafors that the Whitefish Point beacon and light are disabled by power failure.
Avafors: “Fitzgerald, this is the Avafors. I have the Whitefish light now but still am receiving no beacon. Over.”
Fitzgerald: “I’m very glad to hear it.”
Avafors: “The wind is really howling down here. What are the conditions where you are?”
Fitzgerald: (Undiscernable shouts overheard) “DON’T LET NOBODY ON DECK!”
Avafors: “What’s that, Fitzgerald? Unclear. Over.”
Fitzgerald: “I have a bad list, lost both radars. And am taking heavy seas over the deck. One of the worst seas I’ve ever been in.”
Avafors: “If I’m correct, you have two radars.”
Fitzgerald: “They’re both gone.”
The Arthur M. Anderson ore carrier takes on a load of taconite Oct. 25, 2005 in Duluth, Minn. The Anderson was called upon to help search for the ill-fated Edmund Fitzgerald in rough Lake Superior waters in 1975. The Fitzgerald, an ore carrier, sank Nov. 10, 1975. (AP PH๏τo/Jim Mone)AP
6 p.m. The Anderson is struck by a 25-foot wave.
7:10 p.m. The Anderson calls the Fitzgerald with navigation instructions. The ship is about 10 miles behind the doomed freighter.
Anderson: “Fitzgerald, this is the Anderson. Have you checked down?”
Fitzgerald: “Yes we have.”
Anderson: “Fitzgerald, we are about 10 miles behind you, and gaining about 1 1/2 miles per hour. Fitzgerald, there is a target 19 miles ahead of us. So the target would be 9 miles on ahead of you.”
Fitzgerald: “Well, am I going to clear?”
Anderson: “Yes. He is going to pᴀss to the west of you.”
Fitzgerald: “Well, fine.”
Anderson: “By the way, Fitzgerald, how are you making out with your problem?”
Fitzgerald: “We are holding our own.”
Anderson: “Okay, fine. I’ll be talking to you later.”
7:15 p.m. The Fitzgerald disappears from the Anderson’s radar. More than an hour later, the Coast Guard begins an active search. (Hear the radio transmission here). The 29 crew members aboard the Fitzgerald all perish.
This underwater pH๏τo of the sunken SS Edmund Fitzgerald was taken by an unmanned submersible robot, as a research team investigates the wreck site 17 miles northwest of Whitefish Point, Mich., on August 24, 1989. The 729-foot ore freighter sunk on November 23, 1975, during a severe storm, taking its load of iron and the crew of 29 men to the bottom of the Lake Superior. (AP PH๏τo)ᴀssOCIATED PRESS
2023 Edmund Fitzgerald Memorial Event: The Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum at Whitefish Point in the Upper Peninsula will be offering a virtual memorial service on Friday, Nov. 10 at 7 p.m. The livestream link will be posted on www.shipwreckmuseum.com.
