Studded with precious glᴀss, shells, minerals, and blue Egyptian tesserae, the mosaic was unearthed by archaeologists in what was once a wealthy townhome.

Researchers working at the Colosseum Archeological Park in Rome have uncovered an ornate and exceptionally preserved mosaic inside a Republican-period domus, or wealthy townhome, near Palatine Hill. Constructed in phases between the first and second century BCE, the domus is located alongside a series of Agrippa’s warehouses that lined Vicus Tuscus, an important Ancient Roman commercial road leading from Palatine Hill to the trading port on the Tiber River.

The Italian Ministry of Culture revealed the details last week, noting in a statement that the excavated site is an “extraordinary discovery” that will further expand Rome’s cultural itinerary. The “rustic” mosaic is housed in a “specus aestivus,” a vaulted, cave-like room around the home’s atrium that’s used as a banquet hall or entertainment space with water features for guests during the summer seasons. Studded from floor to ceiling with seashells, precious glᴀss, minerals, and Egyptian blue tiles, the mosaic will be presented to the public once the archaeological team completes its excavations of the site.

The mosaic’s design is parтιтioned into four aedicules (shrine-like sections) flanked by columns, depicting vases with lotuses and vines, stacks of weapons accompanied by carnyx horn instruments, and the prows of ships crossing each other over a trident. The vaulted lunette above the aedicule design portrays a pastoral landscape with shepherds and farm animals, and a seaside landscape scene including a cliffside view of city center buildings and three ships on the ocean. Because the imagery depicts naval activity and objects pertaining to war, it is thought that the domus’ owner may have been a high-ranking soldier or nobleman at the time.

What makes the mosaic most remarkable is the inclusion of precious polychrome glᴀss as well as flakes of white marble, spongy travertine, and volcanic ash pozzolana. Futher restoration into the other rooms of the domus also exposed a stucco covering decorated with fine designs of landscapes, architecture, and figuration. The domus is reportedly a prime example of Asia Luxuria — a sumptuous but controversial display of wealth, greed, and the finer pleasures of life as a “consequence” of the Ancient Roman military conquests in the East.

“The archaeological excavation will conclude in the first months of 2024, and we will subsequently work intensely to make this place — among the most evocative of Ancient Rome — accessible to the public as soon as possible,” said Colosseum Archeological Park Director Alfonsina Russo.