An archaeologist who was credited with discovering China’s emblematic ancient Terracotta Warriors, has died aged 82, state media said.
Zhao Kangmin was largely recognised as the first archaeologist to identify fragments of terracotta which had been found by local farmers digging a well in spring, 1974.
Zhao’s death on May 16 was reported by the state-run People’s Daily late Friday. He died of an unspecified illness.
Zhao Kangmin (left) was largely recognised as the first archaeologist to identify fragments of terracotta warriors (right) in 1974. He has died of an illness at the age of 82 in China
Mr Zhao (pictured restoring) claimed in a previous interview that he spent three days piecing together the first two Terracotta Warriors after collecting the clay segments in 1974
The 8,000-man clay army, crafted around 250BC for the tomb of China’s first emperor Qin Shihuang, is a UNESCO world heritage site.
It’s also a major tourist draw and a symbol of ancient Chinese artistic and military sophistication.
Mr Zhao worked as an archaeologist for more than 40 years and was the curator of the Lintong District Museum in Xi’an, capital of the northern province of Shaanxi and home city of the terracotta army.
He was the first to excavate the site and told the potential significance of the clay segments to the locals, who had taken them home to use as pillows or sold them to scrap yards.
The 8,000-man clay army were crafted around 250BC for the tomb of China’s first emperor
The army is a UNESCO site and a symbol of ancient Chinese artistic and military sophistication
After the first batch of terracotta fragments were discovered, Mr Zhao spent three days painstakingly gluing together the first two soldier figures, according to his own accounts published on a local newspaper.
The report was later shared by the Museum of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the official museum for the important cultural heritage.
Apparently, Mr Zhao was also the first one to name those life-size sculptures.
According to the same article, when he introduced the 5ft 10in figures he had pieced together to a journalist in April, 1974, he proudly said: ‘This is a terracotta warrior from Qin Dynasty.’
Each of these 2,000-year-old figures was given personality and was coloured
The Terracotta Army is a form of funerary art buried with the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, in 210 to 209 BC and whose purpose was to protect the emperor in his afterlife.
Arguably the most famous archaeological site in the world, it was discovered by chance by villagers in 1974, and excavation has been on-going at the site since that date.
An extraordinary feat of mᴀss-production, each figure was given an individual personality although they were not intended to be portraits.
The figures vary in height according to their roles, with the tallest being the generals.
Current estimates are that there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried.
Since 1998, figures of terracotta acrobats, bureaucrats, musicians and bronze birds have been discovered on site.
They were designed to entertain the Emperor in his afterlife and they are of crucial importance to our understanding of his attempts to control the world even in death.
‘I went to the site with another officer… Because we were so excited, we rode on our bicycles so fast it felt as if we were flying,’ Mr Zhao recalled in the same article.
‘The commune supervisor told us that heads and partial torsos of six to seven terracotta figures had been found by men digging a well. Someone had taken one of the heads home and stuck it in a granary to chase away rats,’ he wrote.
Zhao ordered the farmers to collect the broken terracotta pieces and pile them on to three trucks, which he took to his small museum. He began to reconstruct the statues from these fragments, some as small as a fingernail, according the article.
‘It was the tail end of the Cultural Revolution. But some factions were still against restoring old things. So we decided to keep it a secret,’ he wrote.
But an article on Mr Zhao’s work by a reporter from state-run Xinhua news agency soon roused the interest of authorities in Beijing and a larger team of archaeologists was sent to excavate the site alongside him.
Arguably the world’s most famous archaeological site, the army was discovered by chance
The figures vary in height according to their roles, with the tallest being the generals
China’s State Council later recognised Mr Zhao as the discoverer of the meticulously carved battalion of terracotta soldiers, archers, and charioteers, each with unique facial features, costumes, weapons and even hairstyles.
The group of nine farmers who were trying to dig the well in 1974 have peтιтioned the Chinese government for recognition of their discovery and compensation in 2004, according to media reports, but it is not clear whether their claims were upheld.
A number of these farmers have taken up a profession, giving autographs and telling stories to tourists as the ‘discoverer of Terracotta Warriors’.
The Terracotta Warriors were discovered in Lintong County on the outskirt of Xi’an, China
