A Macabre Musical Marvel

In the 19th century, a remarkable and haunting artifact emerged from Central Africa—a lyre crafted from a human skull and antelope horns. This extraordinary instrument, now part of The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s collection, stands as a striking testament to the intersection of art, music, and the cultural exchanges of its era.

Crafted from the Extraordinary

The lyre, measuring 36.5 cm in length, 14 cm in width, and 13 cm in depth, is a masterpiece fashioned from an unconventional array of materials:

• Human Skull: The instrument’s main body, forming its somber and evocative centerpiece.
• Antelope Horns: Structural and decorative, these horns add to its striking silhouette.
• Wood: Likely forming the framework, providing support and stability.
• Skin, Gut, and Hair: These were used for strings and other functional elements, contributing to its musical capability.

A Journey Through Time and Cultures

Mistaken Origins and Reattribution

When this unique artifact was first acquired in the late 19th century, it was incorrectly attributed to South America, a misconception that endured until 1906, when it was correctly identified as Central African in origin. This misattribution reflects the limited understanding of African art and culture in Europe at the time. The lyre was likely crafted by a skilled artisan who sought to appeal to European collectors captivated by ethnographic curiosities.

Symbolic Significance or Trade Novelty?

Despite its macabre construction, there is no evidence to suggest that such instruments had a direct role in Central African musical traditions or rituals. Some speculate it might have had symbolic or clandestine significance, perhaps tied to ideas of mortality or spirituality. However, it is more plausible that the lyre was a novelty piece, created to meet the European demand for exotic artifacts rather than serving a traditional purpose.

A Broader Context

The use of human and animal remains in musical instruments is not unique to Central Africa. Historical examples from other cultures provide a broader context:

• Tibetan Damaru and Rkangling: Ritual instruments crafted from human bones, used in meditation and practices emphasizing the impermanence of life.
• Ashanti Royal Drums: These were adorned with the skulls of defeated warriors, symbolizing power and conquest.

These parallels underscore how human and animal remains have been utilized across cultures to create instruments imbued with meaning, whether for ritual, symbolic, or aesthetic purposes.

A Unique Artifact of Its Time

The Central African lyre made from a human skull and antelope horns is an exceptional artifact that speaks to the blending of cultures during the 19th century. While it may not have a direct lineage in traditional African music, its macabre beauty and craftsmanship make it a fascinating piece of musical and cultural history. It stands as a poignant reminder of how art and artifacts can embody the complex dynamics of creativity, commerce, and cultural exchange.