Unveiling Ancient Secrets Through Modern Science

First Excavation Reveals a Timeline of Human Occupation

The famous Cueva de Ardales cave in Málaga, Spain, has long captivated researchers with its extensive collection of prehistoric art. Now, for the first time, scientists have conducted excavations within this ancient site, unearthing a treasure trove of information about its usage by both Neanderthals and early modern humans.

A Collaborative Effort Across Borders

Archaeologists from Spain, Germany, and Denmark joined forces to analyze the cave’s murals, artifacts, and human remains. Their findings, published in the journal PLoS ONE, offer unprecedented insights into the lives of prehistoric Iberian inhabitants.

A Journey Through Time

Neanderthal Origins and Modern Human Arrival

Using advanced radiometric dating techniques, researchers determined that Neanderthals first occupied the cave over 65,000 years ago. Modern humans arrived much later, around 35,000 years ago, and continued to use the site sporadically until the dawn of the Copper Age.

Evolution of Cave Art

The oldest rock art in Cueva de Ardales consists of abstract signs—dots, fingertips, and hand stencils—created with red pigment. As time progressed, more figurative paintings depicting animals began to appear.

A Sacred Space, Not a Home

Ritual Significance Over Domestic Use

While evidence suggests the cave served as a burial place during the Holocene period, there are few signs of everyday living activities. This indicates that Cueva de Ardales held immense symbolic value for its visitors rather than serving as a permanent dwelling.

A Regional Treasure

The Iberian Peninsula boasts more than 30 caves with similar rock art, cementing the region’s importance in understanding the culture and history of ancient Europeans.

Conclusion: A Legacy Written in Ochre

The research team’s discoveries, including numerous ochre fragments in Middle Palaeolithic levels, confirm the antiquity of the cave’s art, dating back over 58,000 years. As one researcher noted, “Cueva de Ardales was a place of special activities linked to art,” providing a unique window into the symbolic practices of our ancient ancestors.