Europe — New archaeological research suggests that Neanderthals were far more resourceful than previously believed, demonstrating the ability to boil animal bones to extract fat—a critical survival strategy during harsh Ice Age conditions.

Scientists analyzing fragmented bones from prehistoric sites across Europe have found clear evidence of intentional breakage, heating, and processing, indicating that Neanderthals systematically extracted bone grease. This process involves crushing bones and heating them in water to release fat, a calorie-rich resource essential for survival.

The findings challenge long-held assumptions that Neanderthals relied solely on raw or roasted meat. Instead, they appear to have practiced complex food preparation techniques, maximizing nutritional intake from every available resource.

“Bone grease is extremely valuable in cold environments where calories are scarce,” researchers explained. “This behavior shows planning, knowledge, and adaptability.”

The discovery adds to growing evidence that Neanderthals possessed advanced cognitive skills, including tool use, controlled fire, and strategic hunting.

Rather than primitive survivors, Neanderthals are increasingly being recognized as intelligent and innovative humans, capable of sophisticated problem-solving long before the arrival of modern Homo sapiens.